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A continuación explicamos en breves pasos como instalar el cacheador apc sobre php en fedora de manera rápida y sencilla:

yum install php-pear-y
yum install php-devel httpd-devel-y
yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'-y
yum groupinstall 'Development Libraries'-y
yum install zlib-devel -y
pecl install apc

Y si todo ha ido bien culminara con algo asi:
===============================
running: make INSTALL_ROOT="/var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18" install
Installing shared extensions: /var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18/usr/lib/php/modules/
running: find "/var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18" -ls
1996900 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 16:32 /var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18
1996959 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 16:32 /var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18/usr
1996960 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 16:32 /var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18/usr/lib
1996961 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 16:32 /var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18/usr/lib/php
1996962 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 8 16:32 /var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18/usr/lib/php/modules
1996958 432 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 435950 Apr 8 16:32 /var/tmp/pear-build-root/install-APC-3.0.18/usr/lib/php/modules/apc.so

Build process completed successfully
Installing '/usr/lib/php/modules/apc.so'
install ok: channel://pecl.php.net/APC-3.0.18
configuration option "php_ini" is not set to php.ini location
You should add "extension=apc.so" to php.ini
===============================

Para añadirlo al php tan solo hay que crear un fichero en esta ruta:
/etc/php.d/apc.ini

Con este contenido:
extension=apc.so
apc.enabled=1
apc.shm_size=30

Y para finalizar:
service httpd restart o servidor web que use el php.

Importante si corremos en arquitectura de 64bit.
Pon esto:
cp /usr/lib/php/modules/apc.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/